Importance of Thyroid Gland

Thyroid gland is a small gland consisting of two lobes connected with the isthmus situated in the neck. It is in a shape of letter H in diameter only about 2 inches (5 centimeters) and weighting about 0,5 ounce (14 grams) but it is essential for functioning and regulating metabolism processes. Thyroid's main function is production of the hormones thyroxine often referred as T4, triiodothyronine known as T3 and calcitonin. Thyroid hormones which are released in the bloodstream have several functions among which is most important regulating metabolism and increasing utilization of cholesterol, fats, proteins and carbohydrates. However, thyroid hormones are also very important for activity of the cells and stimulating of heart muscles, nerves and brains.

The amount of thyroid hormones is controlled: hypothalamus produces the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), while TRH stimulates pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which regulates the rate of T4 and T3 release. For normal thyroid gland functioning is necessary for all control centers to function balanced, while the thyroid hormones are active only if they are free (unbound) in the blood to transport proteins. When the balance of thyroid production is disturbed can occur thyroid disorders and diseases most commonly hypothyroidism (under-activity of the thyroid gland) or hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland).

Health of thyroid gland can be determined by laboratory examinations by measuring the levels of TSH. If the levels of TSH in the blood are higher than normal the thyroid hormonal production is not sufficiently active, while too low levels of TSH imply on under-activity of thyroid gland. Either way, both over- and under-activity of thyroid gland must be treated. To keep thyroid gland healthy it is very important to consume food rich with iodine which essential for normal thyroid hormone production. The amounts of necessary iodine can be obtain from proper nutrition, however, if the amount of iodine obtained through diet is insufficient is highly recommendable to consider use of dietary supplements.